| Citation: | ZHANG Y，LU Q，ZHANG Y W，et al. Spaceborne GNSS-R sea surface height inversion model using FY-3E[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2025，51（10）：3262-3272 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0540
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Sea surface height (SSH) is of great significance in fields such as oceanography and meteorology. Given the current absence of research utilizing the unevenly distributed delay-Doppler map (DDM) data from China’s independently developed FengYun-3E (FY-3E) global navigation satellite system occultation sounderⅡ (GNOS-Ⅱ), this paper employs DDM-based SSH retrieval technology and validates the retrieval accuracy using the Danish DTU18 global mean SSH model and tidal model. The SSH retrieval performance of reflected signals from the global positioning system (GPS) and the spaceborne Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) is evaluated individually in this research using both conventional physical models and machine learning techniques. The results demonstrate that due to the higher chip resolution of BDS B1Ⅰ signals compared to GPS, the maximum mean absolute error (MAE) of the global SSH inversion using the physical model of BDS is about 3.0 m, which is significantly better than that of the GPS (maximum MAE is about 5.0 m). Both GPS and BDS may produce good inversion results using the random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models; their best MAE is approximately 0.4 m. Compared with the inversion results of the UK TDS-1 data, the GPS inversion accuracy is improved by about 15% in the physical model, which verifies the validity of the global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) remote sensing data of the FY-3E GNOS-Ⅱ. The research findings in this paper are of great significance for promoting the application of domestic FY-3E GNSS-R SSH measurements.
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