| Citation: | YANG J H，WANG X J，XU S Y，et al. Study on flame stability of oxygen-rich torch igniter[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2025，51（10）：3368-3373 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0528
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Flame instability appeared under wide extreme sub-atmospheric conditions with varied inlet propellant temperatures, manifested as inadequate ignition energy, uneven gas temperatures, and excessive gas velocity. This paper investigated three flame stability methods: recess, flared outlet and flared cavity, through experiments and simulations. The flared cavity directs the central gas to mix and react with the cooling hydrogen, which also slows down the mixture and enhances reburning in the recirculation zone. Compared to the recess igniter under extreme conditions, the center gas temperature of the flared cavity increases from
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