临近空间飞行器升降压变换器模型预测控制策略

赵宇宇; 王保成; 黄庭双; 贾忠臻; 杜晓伟; 徐国宁

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0860

临近空间飞行器升降压变换器模型预测控制策略

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0860

赵宇宇^{1, 2},
王保成¹,
黄庭双¹,
贾忠臻¹,
杜晓伟¹,
徐国宁^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京 100094
2.
中国科学院大学航空宇航学院，北京 100049

基金项目:

中国科学院重点部署项目(KGFZD-145-23-54)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：xugn@aircas.ac.cn

中图分类号: V274；V19；TP273
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-04
- 录用日期: 2025-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-13
- 整期出版日期: 2025-08-31

Model predictive control strategy for Buck-Boost converter of near-space aircraft

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100094，China
2.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China

Funds:

Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGFZD-145-23-54)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：xugn@aircas.ac.cn

摘要

摘要:
临近空间长航时飞行器能源系统主要包括太阳电池、储能电池、能源控制器和配电器，其中，能源控制器实现太阳电池最大功率跟踪和对储能电池充电功能。传统的临近空间飞行器能源控制器一般采用单升压或单降压拓扑结构，存在不足，对此，采用一种四开关升降压变换器拓扑及对应的控制方法，该控制方法针对四开关升降压变换器在实际电源设计中由于控制死区造成的模式频繁切换的问题，提出一种模型预测控制(MPC)与多步离散法相结合的四模式控制策略。该策略在传统的Buck和Boost两模式基础上，通过预测模型推导出占空比控制率，利用多步离散法，并将极限占空比考虑其中，进而在控制死区内划分出2种扩展模式：扩展Buck (E-Buck)模式和扩展Boost (E-Boost)模式。同时，利用输入电压检测单元，实现了变换器在四模式下的平滑切换。仿真实验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。
- 临近空间 /
- 升降压 /
- 模型预测控制 /
- 模式切换 /
- 极限占空比
Abstract:
The energy system of a near-space long-endurance aircraft mainly includes solar cells, energy storage batteries, energy controllers, and power distributors. The solar cells’ maximum power point tracking and energy storage battery charging are handled by the energy controller. The single boost or single buck topologies used by conventional energy controllers for near-space vehicles have multiple disadvantages. To address these issues, a four-switch Buck-Boost converter topology and a corresponding control method are proposed. Through practical power supply designs of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter, this control approach seeks to address the issue of frequent mode switching brought on by the control dead zone. A combined control strategy of model predictive control (MPC) and the multi-step discretization method is proposed. Based on the traditional Buck and Boost two-mode operation, this strategy derives the duty cycle control from the predictive model and incorporates the limit duty cycle using the multi-step discretization method. As a result, two extended modes—extended Buck (E-Buck) and extended Boost (E-Boost) are defined within the dead zone. Additionally, an input voltage detection unit is employed to achieve smooth transitions between the four modes. Through simulation trials, the suggested control strategy’s efficacy was confirmed.
- near-space /
- Buck-Boost /
- model predictive control /
- mode switching /
- limit duty cycle

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图 1 四开关升降压电路拓扑

Figure 1. Topology of the four switch Buck-Boost circuit

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图 2 四模式控制示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the four-mode control

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图 3 四开关升降压变换器控制策略示意图

Figure 3. Control strategy diagram of four switch Buck-Boost converter

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图 4 本文提出的控制策略电压跟踪仿真结果

Figure 4. Simulation results of voltage tracking for the proposed control strategy

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图 5 双环PI控制策略电压跟踪仿真结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of voltage tracking for dual-loop PI control strategy

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图 6 本文提出的控制策略负载突变仿真结果

Figure 6. Simulation results of load sudden change for the proposed control strategy

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图 7 双环PI控制策略负载突变仿真结果

Figure 7. Simulation results of load sudden change for dual-loop PI control strategy

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图 8 本文提出的控制策略工作模式切换仿真结果

Figure 8. Simulation results of operating mode switching for the proposed control strategy

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图 9 三模式MPC策略工作模式切换仿真结果

Figure 9. Simulation results of operating mode switching for the three-mode MPC strategy

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占空比处于各子周期内示意图

Duty cycle within each sub-cycle illustration diagram

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表 1 4种工作模式的占空比

Table 1. Duty cycle of four work modes

模式	占空比表达式
Buck	$ \begin{gathered} {d_1}(k) = \frac{{L({i_{{L,\text{ref}}}} - {i_{{L}}}(k)) + {R_{{L}}}{i_{{L}}}(k){T_{\text{s}}} + {T_{\text{s}}}{V_{\text{o}}}(k)}}{{{V_{\text{i}}}(k){T_{\text{s}}}}} \\ {d_2}(k) = 0 \\ \end{gathered} $
E-Buck	$ \begin{gathered} {d_1}(k) = - \{[C{(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^3} + L{\tau ^2}(2{R_{{L}}}\tau - 3L)]{i_{{L}}}(k) + \\ \quad\quad [L{\tau ^3} - C\tau {(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^2} + CL\tau ({R_{{L}}}\tau - 2L)]{V_{\text{o}}}(k){d_{{\text{2,max}}}} + \\ \quad\quad[C{(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^2} - L{\tau ^2} + CL(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau ) - 2C{L^3}]{V_{\text{i}}}(k)\tau + \\ \quad\quad{i_{\text{o}}}(k)L{\tau ^2}(3L - {R_{{L}}}\tau ) - C{L^3}{i_{{L,\text{ref}}}}\}/(3C{L^2}{V_{\text{i}}}(k)\tau ) \\ {d_2}(k) = {d_{2,\min }} \\ \end{gathered} $
E-Boost	$ \begin{gathered} {d_1}(k) = {d_{{\text{1,max}}}} \\ {d_2}(k) = - \{[C{(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^3} + 2{R_{{L}}}L{\tau ^3} - 3{L^2}{\tau ^2}]{i_{{L}}}(k) + \\ \quad\quad[L{\tau ^3} + CL({R_{{L}}}{\tau ^2} - 2L\tau ) - C\tau {(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^2}]{V_{\text{o}}}(k) + \\ \quad\quad{d_{{\text{1,max}}}}{V_{\text{i}}}(k)\tau [C{(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^2} - L{\tau ^2} + C{L^2} + \\ \quad\quad CL(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )] + {i_{\text{o}}}(k)L{\tau ^2}(3L - {R_{{L}}}\tau ) - C{L^3}{i_{{L,\text{ref}}}}\}/ \\ \quad\quad\{3L{\tau ^2}(2L - {R_{{L}}}\tau ){i_{{L}}}(k) + 3[C\tau {(L - {R_{{L}}}\tau )^2} - L{\tau ^3}]{V_{\text{o}}}(k)\} \\ \end{gathered} $
Boost	$ \begin{gathered} {d_1}(k) = 1 \\ {d_2}(k) = 1 - \frac{{{\text{ }}(L - {R_{{L}}}{T_{\text{s}}}){i_{{L}}}(k) + {V_{\text{i}}}(k){T_{\text{s}}} - L{i_{{L,\text{ref}}}}}}{{{V_{\text{o}}}(k){T_{\text{s}}}}} \\ \end{gathered} $

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表 2 电压范围与工作模式

Table 2. Voltage range and operating modes

工作模式	输入电压范围/V
Buck	$ [{V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}/{d_{{\text{1,max}}}},400] $
E-Buck	$ ({V_{{\text{o,ref}}}},{V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}/{d_{{\text{1,max}}}}) $
E-Boost	$ ({V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}(1 - {d_{{\text{2,min}}}}),{V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}) $
Boost	$ [200,{V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}(1 - {d_{{\text{2,min}}}})] $

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表 3 仿真实验参数

Table 3. Simulation experiment parameters

主要参数	数值
电感$ L/{\text{mH}} $	300
电感电阻$ {R_{{L}}}/\Omega $	0.022
输出电容$ C/{\text{μF}} $	35
开关周期$ {T_{\text{s}}}/{\text{μs}} $	5
输出电压参考值$ {V_{{\text{o,ref}}}}/{\text{V}} $	310
最大占空比$ {d_{{\text{1,max}}}},{d_{{\text{2,max}}}} $	0.96
最小占空比$ {d_{{\text{1,min}}}},{d_{{\text{2,min}}}} $	0.04

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表 4 不同控制策略实验对比结果

Table 4. Comparison of experimental results for different control strategies

变换器工况	$ {V_{\text{o}}} $跌落/V			$ {V_{\text{o}}} $跌落相对提高/%	调节时间/ms			调节时间相对提高/%
变换器工况	本文提出的控制策略	双环PI 控制策略	三模式MPC 策略	$ {V_{\text{o}}} $跌落相对提高/%	本文提出的控制策略	双环PI 控制策略	三模式MPC 策略	调节时间相对提高/%
$ {V_{\text{i}}} $从400 V阶跃至350 V	0.4	2.2		81.8	2	4		50.0
$ {V_{\text{i}}} $从200 V阶跃至250 V	4.4	7.6		42.1	3	7		57.1
Buck模式负载突变	6.0	7.1		15.5	4	8		50.0
Boost模式负载突变	9.8	10.8		9.3	4	8		50.0
$ {V_{\text{i}}} $从350 V阶跃至320 V	5.6		11.6	51.7	3		5	40.0
$ {V_{\text{i}}} $从320 V阶跃至300 V	4.4		5.0	12.0	4		5	20.0
$ {V_{\text{i}}} $从300 V阶跃至250 V	3.0		9.3	67.7	3		5	40.0

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