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摘要:
针对超高速发射技术中弹丸速度与能量转换效率的优化问题，采用经典内弹道模型对一维非定常可压缩流动下药室内火药燃烧状态、活塞运动和气室内气体流动状态、弹丸运动进行研究。药室部分通过四阶Runge-Kutta算法求解，气室部分求解Euler方程并采用WENO格式进行高精度激波捕捉。分别对不同初始注气条件、气室尺寸、发射管尺寸、火药质量下的二级轻气炮进行数值模拟，得到相关参数对轻气炮性能影响规律。研究发现：泵管内轻质气体能明显提高轻气炮的性能，气室尺寸、管径及长度对活塞底部压力和速度影响较大，但对弹丸速度影响较小；增加火药质量、发射管尺寸及管径可显著增大弹丸出膛速度；为新型二级轻气炮的设计制造提供重要理论和数据支撑。
Abstract:Focusing on the optimization of projectile velocity and energy conversion efficiency in hypervelocity launch technology, this paper uses the classical interior ballistic model to investigate the combustion in the chamber and the piston motion. The two components create a mathematical model for the interior ballistic launching process of a two-stage light gas cannon by describing the flow characteristics in the light gas chamber and the projectile velocity using a dimensional unstable compressible fluid model. The basic equations in the powder chamber are solved numerically with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, and the equations in the light gas chamber are solved with the Euler method and the WENO scheme is used to capture the shock wave. The effects of the initial gas injection conditions, light gas chamber size, launch tube size and gunpowder quality on the performance of two-stage light gas guns are studied. It is found that the performance of a light gas gun can be improved obviously by using light gas in the pump tube. The size, diameter and length of the gas chamber have significant influence on the pressure and velocity at the bottom of the piston, while their influence on the velocity of the projectile is small. Increasing the mass of propellant, the size and diameter of the launch tube can significantly increase the velocity of the projectile. This work offers crucial data and theoretical support for the light gas gun's engineering application and experimental investigation.
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Key words:
- two-stage light gas gun /
- interior ballistics /
- mathematical model /
- WENO scheme /
- numerical simulation
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图 3 不同差分格式下弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between projectile velocity and time under different difference schemes
图 5 不同初始注气条件下活塞速度与时间的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between piston velocity and time for different initial gas injection conditions
图 9 不同CD/OD下弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between projectile velocity and time for Different CD/OD
图 10 不同CD/OD下活塞后压力与活塞路程的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between piston back pressure and piston stroke for different CD/OD
图 11 不同CD/OD下弹底压力与弹丸路程的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between projectile back pressure and projectile stroke for different CD/OD
图 12 不同气室长度下活塞速度与时间的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between piston back velocity and time for different gas chamber lengths
图 13 不同气室长度下弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between projectile velocity and time for different gas chamber lengths
图 14 不同过渡角角度下弹底压力与时间的关系
Figure 14. Relationship between projectile back pressure and time at different transition angles
图 15 不同过渡角角度下弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 15. Relationship between projectile velocity and time at different transition angles
图 16 不同发射管管径下弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 16. Relationship between projectile velocity and time for different launch tube diameters
图 17 不同发射管管径下弹丸速度与弹丸行程的关系
Figure 17. Relationship between projectile velocity and projectile stroke for different launch tube diameters
图 18 同时更改发射管管长弹丸速度与时间的关系
Figure 18. Relationship between projectile velocity and time while simultaneously changing length of launch tube
图 19 不同发射管管长下弹丸速度与弹丸行程的关系
Figure 19. Relationship between projectile velocity and projectile stroke for different launch tube lengths
图 20 不同火药质量下活塞速度与时间的关系
Figure 20. Relationship between piston back pressure and time for different powder masses
图 21 不同火药质量下弹丸速度与弹丸路程的关系
Figure 21. Relationship between projectile velocity and projectile stroke for different powder qualities
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