Comparison and evaluation of data correction methods for directional polarimetric cameras
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摘要:
多角度偏振成像仪(DPC)在数据校正过程主要包括本底校正和帧转移校正2部分。光电探测器的图像采集是一个随机抽样的过程，数据校正过程需对抽样结果进行运算，从而引入噪声。结合DPC数据校正过程，主要研究本底校正和帧转移效应校正对信噪比(SNR)的影响，分析2种帧转移效应校正方法的情况，分别对SNR进行建模和仿真，并用大气环境监测卫星DPC实测数据进行验证。结果表明：本底校正和帧转移效应校正均会使噪声增加，降低SNR；本底校正时应选择大于5帧本底探测数据；2种帧转移效应校正方法相比，列总量比例法优于暗行法，最大可以使SNR增加15.8。
Abstract:The data correction process of a directional polarimetric camera (DPC) primarily includes two components: background correction and frame transfer effect correction. The image acquisition process of the photodetector is a random sampling procedure, and mathematical processing methods are applied to the sampling results during data correction, which introduces noise. This paper mainly discussed the influence of dark background correction and frame transfer effect correction on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during DPC data processing. Modeling and simulation of the SNR for two frame transfer effect correction methods were conducted. Validation was performed using actual data from the DPC onboard an atmospheric monitoring satellite. The results demonstrate that both background correction and frame transfer effect correction increase noise, thus reducing the SNR. Background correction should involve more than five background data sets. Compared to the two frame transfer effect correction methods, the sum of column ratio method outperforms the dark row method, achieving a maximum increase in SNR of 15.8.
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表 1 辐亮度计算结果
Table 1. Results of radiance calculation
场景 归一化
辐亮度辐亮度/
(W·m−2·sr−1·µm−1)信号
灰度值信号
电子数陆地晴空平均值 0.245 75.000 3722.4 35896 陆地有云最大值 1.085 332.771 16516.1 159268 归一化辐亮度为0.1 0.100 30.612 1519.3 14651 归一化辐亮度为0.2 0.200 61.340 3044.4 29358 归一化辐亮度为0.3 0.300 92.066 4569.4 44064 归一化辐亮度为0.4 0.400 122.449 6077.4 58606 归一化辐亮度为0.5 0.500 153.351 7611.1 73395 归一化辐亮度为0.6 0.600 184.132 9138.8 88127 归一化辐亮度为0.7 0.700 214.286 10635.4 102559 
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表 2 帧转移效应计算结果
Table 2. Results of frame transfer effect calculation
项目 灰度值 电子数 晴空场景 3722.4 35896 有云场景 16516.1 159268 场景平均值 8839.9 85245 帧转移效应 2077.4 20033
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表 3 信噪比仿真计算结果
Table 3. Signal-to-noise ratio simulation results
归一化
辐亮度值信号
电子数帧转移
电子数理论最大
信噪比噪声等效电子数 信噪比 暗行法 列总量比例法 暗行法 列总量比例法 0.1 14651 20033 121.0 140.2 104.5 121.0 121.0 0.2 29358 20033 171.3 185.4 158.4 171.3 171.3 0.3 44064 20033 209.9 221.5 198.9 209.9 209.9 0.4 58605 20033 242.1 252.2 232.4 242.1 242.1 0.5 73395 20033 270.9 280.0 262.1 270.9 270.9 0.6 88128 20033 296.9 305.2 288.8 296.9 296.9 0.7 102560 20033 320.2 328.0 312.7 320.2 320.2
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表 4 卫星数据计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results using satellite data
场景 信号电子数 帧转移电子数 最大信噪比理论值 本底校正后信噪比 暗行法信噪比 列总量比例法信噪比 相对差值/% 沙漠 77064 21034 277.60 276.20 266.4 275.9 3.4 沙漠中河流 14504 19832 120.43 119.15 103.1 118.9 13.2
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