Performance of low-pressure dual-fluid water mist to reduce thermal runaway risk of ternary lithium-ion battery
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摘要:
为削减气体、高压细水雾等灭火剂抑灭锂离子电池火灾导致二次灾害的短板问题，研究低压双流体细水雾抑灭锂离子电池燃爆技术。以中小型储能系统常用的三元锂离子电池为对象，研究了低压双流体细水雾对锂离子电池在热失控前不同温度下(90 ℃、145 ℃和200 ℃)的外观形貌变化、产热过程抑制和电性能防护的影响。结果表明：在施加低压双流体细水雾情况下，锂离子电池极耳附近鼓包厚度分别减小了0 cm、0.01 cm和0.15 cm，电池直接受热大面的受损状况有所减小；电池非直接受热大面温度降低幅度很大，分别降低了38 ℃、43 ℃和31 ℃；电池充电容量分别提高了487.54 mAh、4116.69 mAh和6 230.06 mAh，放电容量分别提高了565.07 mAh、4 325.11 mAh和6297.45 mAh。因此，低压双流体细水雾不仅可有效防护遭遇热失控锂离子电池的外观形貌、热量抑制和电性能，而且可有效防止锂离子电池热失控灾害传统抑灭技术导致的二次灾害。
Abstract:To address the shortcomings of gas, high-pressure water mist, and other fire extinguishing agents in suppressing lithium battery fires, this paper investigated the low-pressure dual-fluid water mist for ternary lithium-ion battery fire suppression. The effects of low-pressure dual-fluid water mist on the appearance, heat generation inhibition, and electrical performance protection of lithium batteries at different temperatures (90 °C, 145 °C, and 200 °C) before thermal runaway were examined. The results show that under the application of low-pressure dual-fluid water mist, the thickness of the bulge near the pole lugs decreased by 0 cm, 0.01 cm, and 0.15 cm, and the extent of damage to the battery surface was reduced. The temperature of the non-heated surface of the battery decreases the most, by 38 °C, 43 °C, and 31 °C. The battery’s charging capacity increases by 487.54 mAh、4116.69 mAh and 6230.06 mAh, and the discharge capacity increases by 565.07 mAh、4325.11 mAh and 6297.45 mAh. These findings demonstrate that low-pressure dual-fluid water mist not only effectively protects the appearance, morphology, heat suppression, and electrical properties of lithium batteries, but also proves its reliability in inhibiting the thermal runaway process during the early stages.
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图 4 不同气液比下电池热失控延长时间对比
Figure 4. Comparison of battery thermal runaway extension time under different gas-liquid ratios
图 6 90 ℃有无细水雾不同测温点对比
Figure 6. Comparison of temperature measurement points with or without water mist at 90 ℃
图 7 145 ℃有无细水雾不同测温点对比
Figure 7. Comparison of temperature measurement points with or without water mist at 145 ℃
图 8 200 ℃有无细水雾不同测温点对比
Figure 8. Comparison of temperature measurement points with or without water mist at 200 ℃
图 9 90 ℃有无细水雾电压电阻对比
Figure 9. Comparison of voltage resistance with or without water mist at 90 ℃
图 10 145 ℃有无细水雾电压电阻对比
Figure 10. Comparison of voltage resistance with or without water mist at 145 ℃
图 11 200 ℃有无细水雾电压电阻对比
Figure 11. Comparison of voltage resistance with or without water mist at 200 ℃
图 12 不同温度有无细水雾电池充放电容量对比
Figure 12. Comparison of charging and discharging capacity of batteries with or without water mist at different temperatures
表 1 锂离子电池物性参数
Table 1. Physical property parameters of lithium-ion batteries
参数 状态/数值 正极材料 NCM523 负极材料 石墨 电池质量/g 151.4±1 额定容量/mAh 10000 标定电压/V 4.2 荷电状态/% 100 电池尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 7.0×65×115 
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表 2 不同受热程度有无细水雾电池充放电性能对比
Table 2. Comparison of charge and discharge performance of batteries with or without water mist at different heating degrees
温度/℃ 实验阶段 充电容量/
mAh放电容量/
mAh充放电效率/
%90 无细水雾 9492.52 9347.47 98.47 有细水雾 9980.06 9912.54 99.32 145 无细水雾 5860.34 5538.01 94.50 有细水雾 9977.03 9863.12 98.86 200 无细水雾 1818.20 1707.12 93.89 有细水雾 8048.26 8004.57 99.46
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