An efficient analysis method of helicopter fuselage bullet damage based on bullet penetration theory
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摘要:
直升机机身外形与结构复杂，基于有限元方法的直升机机身弹伤数值仿真分析计算量大、周期长，难于适合复杂多弹环境的直升机机身弹伤快速分析评估。为此，耦合子弹击穿理论和弹击碰撞计算模型，建立直升机机身弹伤快速分析方法，并通过与试验结果、有限元数值仿真结果对比，验证快速分析方法的准确性。随后研究多弹打击的直升机机身弹击坐标、剩余速度以及机身损伤面积。研究表明：快速分析方法计算的剩余速度与试验结果相吻合；相比有限元弹伤数值仿真，快速分析方法计算的弹体剩余速度最大误差为4.7%，机身损伤面积最大误差为9.56%，计算时间减少92.1%，计算效率显著提高。随着弹体入射角增大，剩余速度减小，损伤面积增大；当弹体入射角过大，弹体无法穿透机身表面，产生水槽状滑擦损伤，造成较大面积损伤。
Abstract:The shape and structure of helicopter fuselage are complicated. Finite element simulation of helicopter fuselage bullet damage has a high computing burden and is time-consuming, which makes it difficult to be applied in rapid analysis and evaluation of helicopter fuselage bullet damage in complex multi-bullet environments. In view of this, an efficient analysis method of helicopter fuselage bullet damage was proposed by coupling the bullet penetration theory and the model of projectile impact. The results obtained from the method were compared with those of experiment and finite element simulation to validate its accuracy. Then, the helicopter fuselage impact coordinate, residual velocity, and fuselage damage area under multi-bullet attack were studied. The results show that the residual velocity calculated by the efficient analysis method is in agreement with the experimental result. The maximum error of the residual velocity of the projectile body and the maximum error of the fuselage damage area are 4.7% and 9.56%, respectively for the proposed method compared with the finite element simulation of bullet damage. Additionally, the efficiency of the present method is obviously improved as the computational time is reduced by 92.1%. With the increase of the incidence angle of the projectile body, the residual velocity decreases, and the damage area increases. When the incidence angle is too large, the projectile body cannot penetrate the surface of the fuselage, which results in flume-like skid damage and a large area of damage.
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图 2 实验与弹伤快速分析数值计算对比
Figure 2. Comparison of results of experiment and efficient analysis method of bullet damage
图 4 有限元仿真弹体剩余速度与实验对比曲线
Figure 4. Curves of experiment and finite element simulation of residual velocity of projectile body
图 8 弹伤快速分析方法不同入射角的剩余速度和损伤面积
Figure 8. Residual velocity and damage area calculated by efficient analysis method of bullet damage at different incidence angles
图 13 不同入射角最大应力和剩余速度
Figure 13. Maximum stress and residual velocity at different incidence angles
材料 密度ρ/(kg·m−2) 弹性模量E/MPa 泊松比μ 钢 7 800 200 000 0.3 
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表 2 弹体剩余速度实验与弹伤快速分析数值计算对比
Table 2. Comparison of residual velocity experiment on projectile body and efficient analysis method of bullet damage
金属板 序号 板厚/mm 射入
角度/(°)剩余速度/(m·s−1) 误差/% 实验 本文 钢板 1 1.5 0 878.73 875.65 0.3 钢板 2 3 0 830.37 829.35 0.12 钢板 3 4.5 0 816.99 785.67 3.8
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表 3 靶板材料常用参数及失效参数[14]
Table 3. Common parameters and failure parameters of target plate materials[14]
材料 密度ρ/
(g·m−2)弹性模量
E/MPa泊松
比μ屈服强度
σ/MPaA/Pa B/Pa n 钢 7 800 200000 0.3 235 506 320 0.28 材料 m C D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 钢 1.06 0.064 0.1 0.76 1.57 0.005 −0.84 注：A为初始屈服应力；B为硬化常数；n为硬化指数；m为热软化指数；C为应变速率常数；D1-D5为材料参数。
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表 4 剩余速度对比
Table 4. Residual velocity comparison
金属板 板厚/mm 剩余速度/(m·s−1) 误差/% 时间/s 实验 仿真 本文 仿真 本文 仿真 本文 钢板 1.5 878.73 893.09 875.65 1.63 0.3 45 0.032 3 830.37 828.27 829.35 0.78 0.12 55 0.025 4.5 816.99 810.17 785.67 0.83 3.8 62 0.021
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表 5 直升机机身弹伤快速分析方法结果
Table 5. Results of efficient analysis method of helicopter fuselage bullet damage
打击点 材料 入射角/
(°)初速度/
(m·s−1)剩余速度/
(m·s−1)损伤
面积/m2计算
时间/min1 铝合金 8.16 1 000 858.8 6.21×10−4 25 2 铝合金 28.99 1 000 840.1 9.41×10−4 25 3 铝合金 43.51 1 000 808.6 1.08×10−3 25 4 铝合金 50.53 1 000 764.6 1.26×10−3 25 5 铝合金 77.01 1 000 607.5 2.95×10−3 25 6 铝合金 87.71 1 000 460.2 4.13×10−3 25
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表 6 铝合金2A50材料参数及Johnson-Cook模型失效参数[20]
Table 6. Aluminum alloy 2A50 material parameters and failure parameters of Johnson-Cook model[20]
材料 密度/
(kg·m−3)弹性模
E/MPa泊松比μ A/Pa B/Pa 铝合金 2750 70000 0.3 324.1 113.8 材料 n m C $ D_{1} $ $ D_{2} $ $ D_{3} $ $ D_{4} $ $ D_{5} $ 铝合金 0.42 1.7 0.008 0.77 1.45 0.47 0.007 0
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表 7 直升机机身弹伤快速分析计算与有限元仿真计算数据对比
Table 7. Comparison of data between efficient analysis and finite element simulation of helicopter fuselage bullet damage
打击点
入射角/(°)本文剩余
速度/(m·s−1)有限元剩余
速度/(m·s−1)本文损伤
面积/m2有限元损伤
面积/m28.16 858.8 886.4 6.21×10−4 5.75×10−4 28.99 840.1 823.6 9.41×10−4 8.96×10−4 43.51 808.6 790.8 1.08×10−3 1.02×10−3 50.53 764.6 747.7 1.26×10−3 1.15×10−3 77.01 607.5 580.3 2.95×10−3 2.82×10−3 87.71 460.2 445.1 4.13×10−3 3.84×10−3
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