Radiation characteristics of multi-phase plumes containing ice crystals from orbit-control engines
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摘要:
为获得高空轨控发动机含冰晶的多相羽流的辐射特性，分析其对遥测效果的影响，基于爱因斯坦辐射理论，推导了气体辐射发射系数，结合微粒散射Mie理论，获得综合考虑气体热辐射和冰晶辐射与冰晶散射的辐射传输模型。基于最新的HITRAN2020谱线库，仿真得到了高空轨控发动机含冰晶多相羽流辐射特性参数以及近红外、中长波红外等波段辐射强度分布，并分析了辐射的主要影响因素。结果表明：该型发动机羽流辐射主要包括近红外波段的冰晶散射和中长波红外波段的气体热辐射。在近红外波段，考虑太阳背景辐射，计算域内总辐射量约10−6 W/sr量级，轴向距离0.5 m以内，气体热辐射占主导，轴向距离0.5 m以外，冰晶散射占主导；在中长波红外波段，计算域内总辐射量约10 W/sr量级，轴向距离1 m以内，气体热辐射占主导，轴向距离1 m以外，冰晶热辐射占主导。
Abstract:To obtain the radiation characteristics of multi-phase plumes containing ice crystals from high-altitude orbit-control engines and analyze their influence on the telemetry effect, this paper deduced the gas radiation emission coefficient based on Einstein’s theory of radiation. In the light of the Mie theory of particle scattering, the study developed a radiation transfer model comprehensively considering gas and ice crystal radiation and ice crystal scattering. Based on the latest HITRAN2020 spectral line library, the study obtained through simulation the radiation characteristic parameters of multi-phase plumes containing ice crystals from high-altitude orbit-control engines and the radiation intensity distributions in the near-infrared and mid-wave and long-wave infrared bands and analyzed the main influencing factors of the radiation. The results show that the radiation of the engine plume researched in this study primarily includes scattered light in the near-infrared band and the thermal radiation of gas in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared band. In the near-infrared band, considering solar background radiation, the total radiation amount in the calculation domain is about 10−6 W/sr, and the thermal radiation is dominant within the axial distance of 0.5 m, while the ice crystal scattering is dominant beyond the axial distance of 0.5 m. In the mid-wave and long-wave infrared band, the total radiation amount in the calculation domain is about 10 W/sr, and the thermal radiation of gas dominates within the axial distance of 1 m, while the thermal radiation of ice crystals dominates beyond the axial distance of 1 m.
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Key words:
- radiation /
- orbit-control engine /
- multi-phase plumes /
- heat radiation /
- scattering
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图 2 冰晶和气体的微粒数密度分布
Figure 2. Number density distributions of particles for ice crystals and gases
图 6 冰晶吸收系数与散射系数（d = 3×10−8 m, n = 1×1014 m−3）
Figure 6. Absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of ice crystals (d = 3 × 10−8 m, n = 1 × 1014 m−3)
图 8 0.77～1.25 μm波段辐射吸收系数（p=500 Pa，T=296 K）
Figure 8. Radiation absorption coefficient of 0.77–1.25 μm band (p = 500 Pa, T = 296 K)
图 10 2.4～10 μm波段辐射吸收系数（p=500 Pa，T=296 K）
Figure 10. Radiation absorption coefficient of 2.4−10 μm band (p = 500 Pa, T = 296 K)
图 12 近轴区域气固两相密度与温度分布
Figure 12. Density and temperature distributions of gas and ice crystals in paraxial region
图 13 沿轴线方向羽流各组分近红外波段辐射贡献
Figure 13. Near-infrared radiation contribution of plume components along axis
图 14 沿轴线方向羽流各组分中长波红外波段辐射贡献
Figure 14. Mid-wave and long-wave infrared radiation contribution of plume components along axis
图 15
5900 K和300 K下黑体辐射强度对比Figure 15. Comparison of blackbody radiation intensity at
5900 K and 300 K表 1 羽流气体分压占比
Table 1. Partial pressure proportions of gases in plume
组分 占比/% N2 30.53 H2O 31.13 CO 14.21 H2 20.99 CO2 3.14 
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表 2 计算域内各波段羽流辐射与散射计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of plume radiation and scattering in each band in calculation domain
辐射波段 波长/${\text{μm}}$ 总辐射量/(W·sr−1) 辐射在该波段占比/% 近红外波段 0.77～1.25 3.7×10−6 100 中长波红外波段 2.5～3.3 1.83×10−4 18.9 3.3～5 4.71×10−4 48.5 5～10 3.17×10−4 32.6
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