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摘要:
能源系统的稳定性对长航时飞行的平流层飞艇安全和可靠运行至关重要，特别是对于采用多母线结构和多种变换器串并联组成的能源系统，稳定性问题更为突出。基于此，提出一种新的基于三端口变换器来实现半调节母线方式的平流层飞艇能源系统结构，建立平流层飞艇能源系统中各种变换器的阻抗模型，推导出能源系统在不同子系统划分方法下的输入和输出阻抗。利用多母线直流系统阻抗比稳定判据对其进行了稳定性分析，结果表明，能源系统在不同负载阻抗下都是不稳定的，之后通过仿真实验验证了理论分析结果。最终提出基于一致性功率协调控制和滑模控制的飞艇能源系统分层控制方法，仿真实验显示，使用该方法后能源系统母线电压在多种变化条件下均可保持稳定，表明该方法可增强飞艇能源系统的稳定性。
Abstract:For the long-endurance stratospheric airship to operate safely and dependably, the energy system’s stability is crucial. The stability issue is particularly noticeable for energy systems with several buses and converters connected in series and parallel. In order to establish a semi-regulated busbar mode, this paper suggests a new stratospheric airship energy system structure based on a three-port converter. It also examines the stability of the complex energy system made up of multiple converters and semi-regulating double-bus under various load impedances. The input and output impedances of the energy system under various subsystem division techniques are first determined by creating an impedance model of a stratospheric airship that contains solar cells, batteries, and different converters. Then, the stability of the energy system is analyzed using the stability criterion of the impedance ratio of the multi-bus direct current system, the theoretical analysis results are verified by simulation experiments. Finally, a hierarchical control method of airship energy system based on consistent power coordination control and Sliding mode control is proposed. According to simulation data, this technique can improve the airship energy system’s stability.
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图 1 半调节母线方式平流层飞艇能源系统结构
Figure 1. Structure of stratospheric airship energy system with half regulate bus mode
图 4 boost变换器电压电流双闭环控制框图
Figure 4. Block diagram of voltage and current double closed-loop control for boost converter
图 6 buck变换器电压电流双闭环控制框图
Figure 6. Block diagram of voltage and current double closed-loop control for buck converter
图 8 三相电压型逆变器小信号交流模型的等效电路
Figure 8. Equivalent circuit of small signal AC model for three-phase voltage source inverter
图 10 解耦后三相电压型逆变器小信号模型
Figure 10. Small signal model of decoupled three-phase voltage source inverter
图 11 飞艇能源系统2种子系统划分方法
Figure 11. Two subsystem division methods for airship energy system
图 12 负载R5=0.1 Ω，R3=0.1，1，10 Ω时ZinH、ZoH的伯德图
Figure 12. Bode plots of ZinH, ZoH under load R5=0.1 Ω, R3=0.1，1，10 Ω
图 13 负载R5=10 Ω，R3=0.1，1，10 Ω时ZinH、ZoH的伯德图
Figure 13. Bode plots of ZinH, ZoH under load R5=10 Ω，R3=0.1，1，10 Ω
图 14 负载R3=0.1 Ω，R5=0.1，1，10 Ω时ZinL、ZoL的伯德图
Figure 14. Bode plots of ZinL, ZoL under load R3=0.1 Ω,R5=0.1，1，10 Ω
图 15 负载R3=10 Ω，R5=0.1，1，10 Ω时ZinL、ZoL的伯德图
Figure 15. Bode plots of ZinL, ZoL under load R3=0.1 Ω,R5=0.1，1，10 Ω
图 16 R3=0.1 Ω时系统的稳态仿真波形
Figure 16. Steady-state simulation waveforms of system when R3=0.1 Ω
图 17 R3=1 Ω时系统的稳态仿真波形
Figure 17. Steady-state simulation waveforms of system when R3=1 Ω
图 18 R3=10 Ω时系统的稳态仿真波形
Figure 18. Steady-state simulation waveforms of system when R3=10 Ω
图 19 boost变换器与逆变器级联的输入、 输出阻抗伯德图
Figure 19. Bode plots of input and output impedance for boost and inverter
图 20 boost变换器与buck变换器级联的输入、输出阻抗伯德图
Figure 20. Bode plots of input and output impedance for boost and buck converter
图 21 boost变换器与逆变器、buck变换器级联的输入、输出阻抗伯德图
Figure 21. Bode plots of input and output impedance for boost, inverter and buck converter
图 23 输入电压变化时高压母线电压对比波形
Figure 23. Comparison waveform of high-voltage bus voltage when input voltage changes
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