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摘要:
星基广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是实现广域范围内航空器监视的重要技术手段。为解决星基ADS-B系统存在的虚假目标干扰问题，提出一种基于多普勒频移改变量的单星航空器位置验证方法。建立星基ADS-B验证系统模型，理论分析给出空天链路多普勒频移改变量的计算方法，并采用柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫（k-s）检验方法识别虚假ADS-B消息，最后，通过计算机仿真验证所提方法的正确性和有效性。仿真结果表明：所提方法的检测概率达到97.75%以上，漏警概率低于4.50%；此外，所提方法只需单颗低轨道卫星进行监视，并且对航空器和卫星的定位误差不敏感。
Abstract:Satellite-based automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is an important technology for wide-area aircraft surveillance. To solve the problem of false target interference existing in the satellite-based ADS-B system, a position verification method with one satellite based on Doppler shift change was proposed. First, the system model of satellite-based ADS-B was presented. Then, the formula for the Doppler shift change of aerospace link was theoretically provided. Furthermore, the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff (k-s) test was used to verify the authenticity of the ADS-B position message. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme were verified by computer simulation. The simulation results show that the probability of detection of the proposed method is more than 97.75%, and the false dismissal probability is less than 4.50%. In addition, only one low-orbit satellite is required for monitoring, and it is not sensitive to positioning errors of aircraft and satellites.
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图 6 频率估计误差对检测性能的影响
Figure 6. Influence of frequency estimation error on detection performance
图 7 ADS-B水平和垂直位置误差对检测性能的影响（仿真场景A）
Figure 7. Influence of ADS-B horizontal and vertical position error on detection performance (simulation scenario A)
图 8 卫星定轨误差对检测性能的影响（仿真场景A）
Figure 8. Influence of satellite orbit determination error on detection performance (simulation scenario A)
图 9 不同数据比较方法对检测性能的影响（仿真场景A）
Figure 9. Influence of different data comparison methods on detection performance (simulation scenario A)
表 2 欺骗源的空间位置对检测性能的影响
Table 2. Influence of spatial location of spoofing source on detection performance
欺骗源的空间位置 虚警概率/% 漏警概率/% 检测概率/% 正东 0 1.00 99.50 正西 0 2.00 99.00 正南 0 1.50 99.25 正北 0 3.50 98.25 
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表 3 消息丢失率对检测性能的影响
Table 3. Influence of message loss rate on detection performance
消息丢失率/% 虚警概率/% 漏警概率/% 检测概率/% 0 0 4.50 97.75 25 0 5.00 97.50 50 0 6.00 97.00 75 0 31.50 84.25
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