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摘要:
在现有区块链版权存证系统中，各种环签名占用过多存储空间，数据共识算法效率有待提高。针对此问题，使用动态累加器对环成员公钥进行累加，分别设计初始化、系统选取、密钥生成、签名生成、签名验证等算法，构造多私钥生成器（PKG）的身份基简短可验证环签名方案；为主节点选取设置信用阈值，降低允许参与共识的最大节点数，改进已有的联盟链共识算法；利用所构环签名方案及改进的共识算法，提出一种新的区块链版权存证协议。对所构签名方案的不可伪造性及匿名性进行形式化证明；对所构签名方案的计算效率及存储空间进行分析和仿真，对存证系统的共识算法和容错性进行实验评估。结果显示：所提协议节省了签名时间开销和存储空间，提高了共识效率和容错性。
Abstract:In the existing blockchain copyright storage systems, various ring signatures occupied too much storage space, and the efficiency of the data consensus algorithm needed to be improved. The public keys of the ring members were accumulated using a dynamic accumulator in order to solve these issues. Various algorithms were then designed, including initialization, system selection, key generation, signature generation, and signature verification, to create an ID-based short verifiable ring signature scheme with multiple private key generators (PKG). The credit threshold was set for the primary node selection, the maximum number of nodes allowed to participate in the consensus was reduced, and the existing consortium blockchain consensus algorithm was improved. Using the new ring signature scheme constructed and the improved consensus algorithm, a new blockchain copyright storage protocol was proposed. Finally, the unforgeability and anonymity of the signature scheme were formally proved. The consensus algorithm and fault tolerance of the system were assessed experimentally, and the computational effectiveness and storage capacity of the signature scheme were examined and simulated. The results show that the proposed protocol saves the signature time and storage space, and improves the consensus efficiency and fault tolerance.
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表 1 各签名方案性能对比
Table 1. Performance comparison of each signature schemes
方案 签名生成 签名验证 签名大小 文献[8] $(3n - 1){T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (4n - 3){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + (3n - 1){T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $(2n + 2){T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (2n + 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 2n{T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $|{G_1}| + (n + 1)|{{\bf{Z}}_p}|$ 文献[12] $(n + 2t){T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (2n - 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + {T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $n{T_{\mathrm{M}}} + 2n{T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 2{T_{\mathrm{B}}} + {T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $n|U| + (n + 2)|{G_1}| + |{\bf{Z}}_p^*| + |{{\bf{Z}}_p}[x]|$ 文献[13] $(2n + 1){T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (2n + 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + (n + 1){T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $n{T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (2n - 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 2{T_{\mathrm{B}}} + {T_{\mathrm{D}}}$ $(n + 1)|{G_1}| + 2|{\mathrm{PKGP}}|$ 文献[14] $(2n + 1){T_{\mathrm{M}}} + 3(n - 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + (n + 1){T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $n{T_{\mathrm{M}}} + (2n - 1){T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 3{T_{\mathrm{B}}} + {T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $(n + 1)|{G_1}| + k|{\mathrm{PKGP}}|$ 本文方案 $18{T_{\mathrm{M}}} + 8{T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 2{T_{\mathrm{H}}}$ $9{T_{\mathrm{M}}} + 8{T_{\mathrm{A}}} + 4{T_{\mathrm{B}}}$ $9|{G_1}| + 5|{{\bf{Z}}_p}| + 2|{\mathrm{PKGP}}|$ 
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