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摘要:
航空电静液驱动执行器(EHA)作为航空舵面控制的核心部件，对高功重比的追求要求对其部件进行高效散热与轻量化综合设计。基于此，通过实验方法对4种典型轻量化点阵结构的散热特性进行研究，得到了不同点阵散热模块的温度分布特性，为点阵结构散热与轻量化性能评价提供可靠数据。针对点阵结构散热特性，提出点阵结构散热轻量化系数评价指标，用以定量评估不同散热点阵结构的轻量化特性。根据构建的评价指标对4种点阵结构进行评价，结果表明：OT点阵结构散热性能与轻量化综合特性最优。与翅片结构相比，OT点阵结构散热系数为翅片的1.2倍，但其散热轻量化系数仅约为翅片的1/3。研究结果为综合考虑散热和轻量化要求的点阵结构筛取提供了参考。
Abstract:As the core component of aviation rudder control, the pursuit of a high power-to-weight ratio for an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) requires efficient heat dissipation and a lightweight integrated design for its components. Reliable data for assessing lattice structure heat dissipation and lightweight performance is provided by this paper’s experimental study of the heat dissipation properties of four common lightweight lattice structures and the temperature distribution properties of various lattice heat dissipation modules. Based on the heat dissipation characteristics of lattice structures, an evaluation index of the heat dissipation lightweight coefficient of lattice structures is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the lightweight characteristics of different heat dissipation lattice structures. The four types of lattice structures are assessed using the evaluation index developed in this research, and the findings indicate that the OT lattice structure has the best combined lightweight and heat dissipation performance. Compared with the fin structure, the heat dissipation coefficient of the OT lattice structure is 1.2 times that of the fin, but its heat dissipation lightweight coefficient is only about 1/3 of that of the fin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening of the lattice structure considering both heat dissipation and lightweight.
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Key words:
- lattice structure /
- heat dissipation /
- lightweight /
- experimental research /
- evluation
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图 4 点阵结构散热性能实验系统原理
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of lattice structure heat dissipation characteristic experiment system
图 5 点阵结构散热性能实验台
①. 风机；②. 通风管道；③. 保温棉；④. 加热板壳体；⑤. 安捷伦数据采集仪；⑥. 调压器；⑦. 万用表。
Figure 5. Lattice structure heat dissipation characteristic experiment bench
图 6 主要实验段结构示意图
①. 加热板壳体；②. 泡沫保温板；③. 加热板；④. 点阵散热板； ⑤. 整流板；⑥. 通风管道。
Figure 6. Structural diagram of main experimental sections
图 7 点阵结构散热性能实验数据采集系统
Figure 7. Data acquisition system for lattice structure heat dissipation characteristic experiment
图 9 点阵底板不同方向稳态温度分布情况
Figure 9. Steady state temperature distribution of lattice bottom plate in different directions
图 11 点阵结构散热性能及轻量化特性随杆径变化
Figure 11. Heat dissipation performance and lightweight characteristics of lattice structure change with rod diameter
图 12 不同类型点阵结构散热性能及轻量化特性
Figure 12. Heat dissipation performance and lightweight characteristics of different types of lattice structure
表 1 点阵结构散热性能实验工况
Table 1. Working condition of lattice structure heat dissipation characteristic experiment
分组 出口风速/(m·s−1) 加热功率/W 杆径/mm 点阵类型 第1组 5 35 1.5 立方体点阵 5 35 1.5 体心点阵 5 35 1.5 面心点阵 5 35 1.5 OT点阵 5 35 3（翅厚） 翅片 第2组 5 35 0.5 OT点阵 5 35 1 OT点阵 5 35 1.5 OT点阵 第3组 1 35 1.5 OT点阵 3 35 1.5 OT点阵 5 35 1.5 OT点阵 
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表 2 测量仪器型号及参数
Table 2. Measuring instrument model and parameters
设备 型号 参数 安捷伦数据采集仪 34972A 精度：0.004% 欧米伽热线风速计 HHF-SD1 工作温度0～50 ℃；分辨率：0.1 ℃；精度：0.8 ℃ 数字万用表 Fluke 101 精度：±（1%+1） 热电偶 K-Type 测温范围：−200～260 ℃；精度：0.75%
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