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摘要:
为了深入分析轴承滚道剥落缺陷引发冲击性振动响应的机理，动力学模型的构建成为必要且有效的手段。针对现有轴承动力学模型中的缺陷激励函数难以准确刻画实际剥落缺陷的问题，提出一种考虑缺陷三维尺寸的激励函数来构建含滚道剥落缺陷的轴承动力学模型。以椭圆形状模拟缺陷三维形貌，在此基础上构建缺陷激励函数，并将其融入动力学模型。分析滚动体通过不同尺寸缺陷过程中产生的额外接触位移量的变化情况。通过仿真和实验验证模型的正确性，并深入探究缺陷尺寸与振动响应间的关系。与矩形激励函数模型对比，证明所提模型的有效性和适用性。实验结果表明：所构建的模型与理论、实测信号误差均在±5%以内；缺陷尺寸的变化将引起额外接触位移的改变，进而使轴承产生不同的振动响应；相比矩形激励函数模型，所提模型可有效模拟滚动轴承在不同尺寸剥落缺陷下的振动响应。相关研究结果可为轴承故障诊断及性能评估提供理论支持。
Abstract:In order to deeply analyze the mechanism of impact vibration response triggered by bearing raceway spalling defects, the construction of dynamic models becomes a necessary and effective means. The dynamic model of a bearing with a raceway spalling defect is constructed by taking into account the three-dimensional size of the defect. This is done in order to address the issue that the defect excitation function in the current bearing dynamic model finds it challenging to accurately describe the actual spalling defect. Firstly, the three-dimensional morphology of the defect is simulated in an elliptical shape. On this basis, the defect excitation function is constructed and integrated into the dynamic model. Secondly, the variation of the additional contact displacement generated during the passage of the rolling element through the defects of different sizes is analyzed. Then, the correctness of the model is verified by simulation and actual experiments, and the relationship between defect size and vibration response is investigated in depth. Finally, the validity and applicability of the proposed model are demonstrated by comparing it with the rectangular excitation function model. The experimental results show that the error between the model, the theory and the measured signal is within ±5%. The change in defect size will cause the change of additional contact displacement, which will lead to a different vibration response of the bearing. The suggested model is capable of accurately simulating the vibration response of rolling bearings with varying sizes of spalling flaws as compared to the rectangular excitation function model. The relevant research results can provide theoretical support for bearing fault diagnosis and performance evaluation.
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Key words:
- rolling bearings /
- raceway spalling /
- defect size /
- dynamic modeling /
- vibration response analysis
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图 6 仿真振动加速度信号及频谱
Figure 6. Simulation vibration acceleration signal and its frequency spectrum
图 7 仿真振动加速度信号局部放大图
Figure 7. Local amplification diagram of simulation vibration acceleration signal
图 9 实测振动加速度信号及频谱
Figure 9. Measured vibration acceleration signal and its frequency spectrum
图 10 实测振动加速度信号局部放大图
Figure 10. Local amplification diagram of measured vibration acceleration signal
图 12 不同尺寸缺陷的实测振动加速度信号
Figure 12. Measured vibration acceleration signals under different size defects
图 13 不同尺寸缺陷的仿真振动加速度信号
Figure 13. Simulated vibration acceleration signal under different size defects
图 14 额外接触位移量与接触力变化曲线对比
Figure 14. Comparison of the curves of additional contact displacement and contact force
图 15 缺陷宽度变化过程振动响应分析
Figure 15. Vibration response analysis of defect width change process
图 16 缺陷长度变化过程振动响应分析
Figure 16. Vibration response analysis of defect length change process
表 1 轴承几何参数
Table 1. Geometric parameter of bearing
参数 数值 内滚道直径Din/mm 47.0 外滚道直径Dout/mm 31.0 节圆直径Dp/mm 39.0 滚动体直径Db/mm 8 滚动体个数Nball 9 接触角α/(°) 0 
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表 2 动力学模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of dynamic model
参数 数值 内圈及转轴质量ms/kg 1.2 单元谐振器质量mr/kg 1 外圈及底座刚度kp/(N·m−1) 15.1056 ×106内圈及转轴阻尼cs/(N·s·m−1) 2376.8 单元谐振器阻尼cr/(N·s·m−1) 9424.8 外圈及底座质量mp/kg 7.2 内圈及转轴刚度ks/(N·m−1) 4.241×104 单元谐振器刚度kr/(N·m−1) 8.8826 ×109外圈及底座阻尼cp/(N·s·m−1) 2210.7 等效接触刚度Kb/(N·m−1.5) 1.8978 ×1010
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表 3 双冲击定量评估结果
Table 3. Quantitative evaluation results based on dual-impulse
编号 1 mm缺陷
评估值/mm4 mm缺陷
评估值/mm评估值与实际
误差(1 mm)/%评估值与实际
误差(4 mm) /%模型与评估值
误差(1 mm) /%模型与评估值
误差(4 mm) /%1 0.88 4.01 −12.00 0.25 17.05 1.75 2 1.03 3.85 3.00 −3.75 0 5.97 3 1.03 3.89 3.00 −2.75 0 4.88 4 1.07 3.97 7.00 −0.75 −3.74 2.77 5 0.95 3.82 −5.00 −4.50 8.42 6.81 6 0.95 4.20 −5.00 5.00 8.42 −2.86 7 0.99 3.82 −1.00 −4.50 4.04 6.81 8 0.92 3.86 −8.00 −3.50 11.96 5.70 9 0.96 4.01 −4.00 0.25 7.29 1.75 10 1.07 4.01 7.00 0.25 −3.74 1.75 注：1 mm缺陷评估值、4 mm缺陷评估值、评估值与实际误差(1 mm)、评估值与实际误差(4 mm) 、模型与评估值误差(1 mm)和模型与评估值误差(4 mm)的平均值分别为0.985 mm、3.944 mm、－1.50%、－1.40%、4.97%和3.53%。
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