Research on oxygen consumption based inerting monolithic catalyst reactor performance
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摘要:
对Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了实验测量，拟合得到了其反应动力学方程，建立了整体式反应器二维瞬态模型，并采用Modelica语言编程求解，开展动态性能仿真，分析了耗氧型惰化系统中飞温和催化剂高温失活现象对整体式反应器性能的影响,研究了飞行过程中氧气体积分数变化对反应器的影响。研究结果表明：壁面冷却可有效降低飞温现象，但同时会降低反应器催化效率。飞温现象导致的催化剂涂层不可逆失活发生在反应最剧烈的反应器出口侧壁面上，小面积的失活会导致催化效率降低80%。飞机爬升阶段油箱内的氧浓度增加可有效提升反应器内的燃油蒸汽转化率，但也需要避免高氧浓度对反应器涂层加速失活的影响。
Abstract:An experiment of Pd/γ-Al2O3 performance is carried out to get its reaction dynamics function. A two-dimensional monolithic catalyst transient model is established and solved with Modelica. Catalyst transition performance has been studied by simulation. The influence of high temperature and catalyst deactivation on a monolithic catalyst is researched. It was investigated how the reactor was affected by the oxygen content while in flight. The result shows that wall cooling can reduce high temperatures and reactor efficiency at the same time. The catalyst deactivation due to high temperature occurs on the surface near the outlet of the reactor, where the sharpest reaction takes place. Deactivation in Less than half of the catalyst surface area cuts down the efficiency by 80%. The conversion rate of fuel steam can be effectively increased by the increase in oxygen concentration brought on by the loss of pressure during aircraft ascent; however, precautions should be taken to prevent the acceleration of catalyst deactivation caused by high oxygen concentration.
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Key words:
- catalytic combustion /
- monolithic catalyst /
- fuel system /
- inerting system /
- catalyst inactivation
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图 2 反应温度与反应速率关系
Figure 2. Curves of reaction rate and reaction temperature under different tank temperature
图 3 高温条件下反应温度与转化率关系
Figure 3. Curves of reaction temperature and convention rate under high temperature
图 5 拟合反应速率与实验反应速率对比
Figure 5. Comparison between fitting reaction rate and experiment reaction rate
图 11 绝热边界条件下反应器径向气体温度分布
Figure 11. Reactor temperature normal distribution in different section under adiabatic boundary condition
图 13 对流边界条件下反应器径向气体温度分布
Figure 13. Reactor temperature normal distribution in the radial direction of the reactor under convection boundary condition
图 14 永久活区域长度随时间增大
Figure 14. The length of the Catalyst deactivation area increase over time
图 15 燃油蒸汽转化率和失活面积关系
Figure 15. Curves of fuel steam conversion rate and catalyst deactivation area relationship
图 16 不同状态进口氧气体积分数对碳氢物转化率的影响
Figure 16. Influence of hydrocarbon conversion efficiency rate under different inlet oxygen volume fraction
图 17 不同状态进口氧气体积分数对壁面完全失活时间的影响
Figure 17. Influence of completely deactivation time under different inlet oxygen volume fraction
表 1 实验台使用的设备型号及性能参数
Table 1. Equipment model and performance parameters in the experiment used in the laboratory bench
设备 型号 工作范围 精度范围 浮子流量计 6～60 mL/min ±4% 注射泵 SP-1000 0.1～999.9 mL ±3% 马弗炉 SK2-2-13单管 功率2 kW 气相色谱仪 GC9790 总烃 ±0.1% 反应器 非标定制 温控表 HKDN 0～5 V ±0.5%F.S. 数据采集仪 LR-8400-21 DC±100 V 500 mV 
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表 2 参数拟合结果
Table 2. Parameter fitting result
氧气体积分数 指前因子k0/
(m3(mol·s)−1)活化能E/
(J·mol)−1m n ＜0.1（低） 13 370.72 23 422.56 0.319 0.659 ≥0.1（高） 25 027.53 28 285.78 0.798 0
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表 3 反应器物理参数
Table 3. Reactor physics parameter
物理参数 数值 管壁密度/(kg·m−3) 2100 管壁比热容/(J·kg−1·K−1) 520 管壁导热系数/(W·m−1·K−1) 17.6
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